What information do you think should be provided to a surgical patient prior to a surgical procedure?

Required Resources
Media
Interactive Media: Virtual Philosopher
This interactive media activity asks a series of question to determine your beliefs then gives you various situations that test your personal ethics.
Readings
Course Text: Judson K. & Harrison C. (2016). Law and ethics for the health professions. (7th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
o Chapter 13 Health Care Trends and Forecasts
The health care system in the United States has a number of stakeholders. This chapter looks at the various stakeholders and examines the trends that are going to affect the system in the years to come.
Course Text: Medical Law Ethics and Bioethics for the Health Professions
o Chapter 13 Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources
This chapter introduces the challenging issue of balancing multiples factors to appropriately allocate scarce medical resources.
Article: Emanuel E. J. Wendler D. & Grady C. (2000). What makes clinical research ethical? American Medical Association 283 2701-2711. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Clinical research strives to advance the practice of medicine while maintaining stringent ethical guidelines. This article considers just what makes clinical research ethical.
Article: Singer P. (2009 July 19). Why we must ration health care. The New York Times Magazine 38-43. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Health care like any resource is in limited supply. This article explores the controversial issue of rationing scarce medical resources.
Article: Nelson-Marten P. & Rich B. (1999). A historical perspective of informed consent in clinical practice and research. Seminars in Oncology Nursing 15(2) 81-88. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Informed consent forms one of the cornerstones of medical practice and research. This article considers informed consents role in medical practice and research.
Article: McManus J. Mehta S. G. McClinton A. R. De Lorenzo R. A. & Baskin T. W. (2005). Informed consent and ethical issues in military medical research. Academic Emergency Medicine 12(11) 1120-6.
Informed Consent and Ethical Issues in Military Medical Research by McManus J.; Mehta S.; McClinton A.; De Lorenzo R.; Baskin T. in Academic Emergency Medicine Vol. 12/Issue 1. Copyright 2005 by John Wiley & Sons Journals. Reprinted by permission of John Wiley & Sons Journals via the Copyright Clearance Center.
This article considers the unique position military personnel can occupy with regard to informed consent and other ethical issues when involved in medical research.
Article: National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Medical research with animals (NIH Publication Number 08-6436). Retrieved from
http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/air/AnimalResearchFS06.pdf
This document prepared by the National Institutes of Health presents frequently asked questions regarding the ethics of medical research involving animals.
Optional Resources
Media
Audio Podcast: Conan N. (2009 November 23). Its not whether we ration health care but how [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=120700353
Audio Podcast: Conan N. (2010 February 10). How the ethics of triage play out in Haiti [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=123570227
Readings
Article: Gluck J. & Bell J. (2003). Ethical issues in the use of animals in biomedical and psychopharmocological research. Psychopharmacology 171(1) 6-12.
Article: U.S. Department of Health Education and Welfare. (1979). The Belmont report: Ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of human subjects of research (DHEW Publication Number 78-0012). Retrieved from
http://videocast.nih.gov/pdf/ohrp_belmont_report.pdf
Websites
Stanford Prison Experiment
http://www.prisonexp.org/
***********************ASSIGNMENT*************************
Informed Consent in Practice
Medical decision making can be an extremely challenging experience for patients and their loved ones. Balancing various potential outcomes with levels of risk can be daunting for someone who is also dealing with the emotional stresses of illness. Gaining the patients true informed consent is a critical step for health care professionals to ensure that the best decisions can be made.
Part 1: SPARK:
Consider your academic studies and personal and professional experiences to address the following two questions:
-What information do you think should be provided to a surgical patient prior to a surgical procedure?
-Do you healthcare professionals harm patients by causing anxiety and stress when they tell them about the risks associated with a surgical procedure? Why or why not?
Remember your response to the SPARK should be posted by itself and does not require any of the readings. However external sources as additional support are welcome.
To prepare for this weeks Discussion review this weeks Learning Resources paying particular attention to the Emanuel article What Makes Clinical Research Ethical?
Also review the Macklin article from Week 1 Applying the Four Priniciples before preparing and posting your discussion response.
By Day 4 respond to the following Park 2: PROMPT:
Post an explanation of how informed consent for medical research (clinical trials) differs from the patients consent to treat used in health care practice (e.g. medical treatment or surgery). Explain why you think this difference exists? Provide at least one clear example of how informed consent could be used in medical research and one example of how it is used in health care practice. Then provide an example of each of the four ethical principals in action in research. Use your textbook the articles in the Learning Resources and/or other credible resources to support your answer.
Post must be 300 words each part.

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