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The Public Health Surveillance background

Public Health Surveillance background

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Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementing, and evaluating public health practice, closely integrated with timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control (Thacker et al., 1988). It is used to estimate the health status and behaviour of the populations served by health care providers. The surveillance system is useful for measuring both the need and effects of interventions. The major purpose of surveillance is to empower decision-makers on having a timely and evidence-based approach in management., surveillance activities which may include a measure of the burden of a disease or (other health-related events), including changes in related factors, the identification of populations at high risk, and the identification of new or emerging health concerns having a significant impact upon public health.

The global estimate of maternal deaths for the year 2017 indicates 295,000,35% lower than the year 2000 when the estimated deaths were 451,000maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, resenting a 38% reduction since the year 2000 it was estimated at 342. (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 2017)The maternal mortality ratio in Africa is estimated at 500/100,000 Live births. (Sataloff et al., n.d.) WHO has stated that young adolescents face a higher risk of complications and death due to pregnancy than other women, and skilled care before, during and after childbirth can save women and new babies(WHO et al., 2017). Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)is high in the least developed countries, estimated at 415 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, 40 times more than Europe, almost 60 times higher than Australia and New Zealand. Sub Saharan Africa has the highest estimate of maternal deaths at 542, and the lifetime risk of maternal death was 1 in 37 compared to Australia at 1 in 7800. (WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, 2017) Kenyans MMR and Perinatal mortality rate remain high at 362 per 100,000 and 28/1000 per live births, respectively. There are different ranges noted in different counties, between 3,790/100,000 births and 187/100,000 for the counties with the highest and lowest MMR, respectively. Cultural and socioeconomic factors in different regions have greatly contributed to the disparities. Other factors include quality of antenatal care (ANC), late or inconsistent ANC clinic attendance, poor or no access to skilled care during pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period also contribute to adverse outcomes for mother and baby. (Sataloff et al., n.d.)

According to (Sataloff et al., n.d.), the major causes of maternal mortality in Kenya, just like other parts of the world, include haemorrhage, hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, sepsis and complications of abortion. HIV related complications account for 20%, which is among the highest proportion among the indirect causes of maternal mortality.

 

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