Talk about what is behavioral addictions, how to classify something as a behavio

Talk about what is behavioral addictions, how to classify something as a behavioral addiction, how do we conceptualize behavioral addictions. Talk about some of the shared elements of behavioral addictions with connections to substance abuse disorders. What is the behavioral addictions model, the comorbidity in substance use disorders, in behavioral addictions and comorbidity between behavioral addictions and substance abuse disorders (similarities), comorbidity in individuals with internet addictions. What the new DSM-5 means for the concept of behavioral addiction
What is the criteria of behavioral addictions and where does social media (internet) addiction play a role of behavioral addictions. When talking about behavioral addictions and going into the classification of the behavioral addictions focus more on internet addiction disorder (social media) and what current literature has to say about this when pertaining to behavioral addictions. There are six different terms associated with Internet addiction, including “Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD),” “Pathological Internet Use,” “Excessive Internet Use,” and “Compulsive Internet Use” (Widyanto, Griffiths & Brunsden 2011).
Talk about the role of impulsivity and compulsivity in behavioral addictions. Impulsivity comprises a minimum of 3 neurocognitive components (Broos et al., 2012; Dalley & Robbins, 2017; Fineberg et al., 2014; Torregrossa, Xie, & Taylor, 2012; Verdejo-Garcia et al., 2008):
• Response inhibition, Response inhibition, that is, the inability to inhibit a prepotent motor or cognitive response,
• Reward discounting, including the tendency to choose a sooner, smaller reward over a later, larger reward (i.e., delay discounting), and
• Disadvantageous decision-making, that is, difficulty weighing options, taking appropriate risks, and having a bias towards not using all the available information to reflect on the consequences of actions (reflection impulsivity).
In addition to being underpinned by poor response inhibition, compulsivity has been argued to encompass at least four other neurocognitive domains (Fineberg et al., 2014; van Timmeren, Daams, van Holst, & Goudriaan, 2018):
• Contingency-related cognitive inflexibility, that is, difficulty shifting a learned behavior in response to changing stimulus-response contingencies,
• Task or attentional set-shifting, that is, ability to switch attention between two competing tasks,
• Attentional bias or disengagement, that is, difficulty disengaging from salient stimuli, and
• Habit learning, that is, the learning of a conditioned stimulus-response that is insensitive to the goals or consequences of action.
Some References to use (current references will be very helpful for this paper):
Broos, N., Schmaal, L., Wiskerke, J., Kostelijk, L., Lam, T., Stoop, N.,…Goudriaan, A. E. (2012). The relationship between impulsive choice and impulsive action: A cross-species translational study. PLoS One,7(5), e36781.
Dalley, J. W., & Robbins, T. W. (2017). Fractionating impulsivity: Neuropsychiatric implications. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience,18(3), 158–171.
Fineberg, N. A., Chamberlain, S. R., Goudriaan, A. E., Stein, D. J.,Vanderschuren, L. J., Gillan, C. M.,…Potenza, M. N. (2014). New developments in human neurocognition: Clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity. CNS Spectrums, 19(01), 69–89
Torregrossa, M. M., Xie, M., & Taylor, J. R. (2012). Chronic corticoste-rone exposure during adolescence reduces impulsive action but in-creases impulsive choice and sensitivity to yohimbine in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(7), 1656–1670
van Timmeren, T., Daams, J. G., van Holst, R. J., & Goudriaan, A. E.(2018). Compulsivity related neurocognitive performance deficits in gambling disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 84,204–217.
Verdejo-Garcia, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as avulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: Review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(4), 777–810
Widyanto, L., Griffiths, M.D. and Brunsden, V. 2011. A psychometric comparison of the Internet Addiction Test, the Internet-Related Problem Scale, and self-diagnosis. Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking, : 141–49.

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