Dental pulp DPSC, apical papilla SCAP, periodontal ligaments PDLSC, dental follicle DFSC, gingival fibroblast GFSC, and gingival epithelial stem cells GESC.

Dental pulp DPSC, apical papilla SCAP, periodontal ligaments PDLSC, dental follicle DFSC, gingival fibroblast GFSC, and gingival epithelial stem cells GESC.

it is functions and usage in dentistry and dental treatments.

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Braz Dent J 22(2) 2011
Mesenchymal stem cells in the dental tissues 91
INTRODUCTION
The discovery of stem cells and recent advances
in cellular and molecular biology has led to the
development of novel therapeutic strategies that aim at
the regeneration of many tissues that were injured by
disease. Generally, stem cells have two major properties:
they are capable of self-renewal and, upon division, they
can give rise to cells that have the potential to differentiate
(1). Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that
combines biology, engineering, and clinical science
with the goal of generating new tissues and organs. It is
a science based on fundamental principles that involves
the identification of appropriate cells, the development
of scaffolds and morphogenic signals required to induce
Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Dental Tissues:
Perspectives for Tissue Regeneration
Carlos ESTRELA1
Ana Helena Gonçalves de ALENCAR1
Gregory Thomas KITTEN2
Eneida Franco VENCIO1
Elisandra GAVA1,2
1Dental School, UFG – Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
2Institute of Biological Sciences, UFMG – Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
In recent years, stem cell research has grown exponentially owing to the recognition that stem cell-based therapies have the potential
to improve the life of patients with conditions that range from Alzheimer’s disease to cardiac ischemia and regenerative medicine, like
bone or tooth loss. Based on their ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue and partially restore organ function, multiple types of
stem/progenitor cells have been speculated. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain
tissues contain more stem cells than others. Among these tissues, the dental tissues are considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem
cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. It is known that these stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several
cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. In dentistry, stem cell biology and
tissue engineering are of great interest since may provide an innovative for generation of clinical material and/or tissue regeneration.
Mesenchymal stem cells were demonstrated in dental tissues, including dental pulp, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, and dental
follicle. These stem cells can be isolated and grown under defined tissue culture conditions, and are potential cells for use in tissue
engineering, including, dental tissue, nerves and bone regeneration. More recently, another source of stem cell has been successfully
generated from human somatic cells into a pluripotent stage, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), allowing creation of patientand
disease-specific stem cells. Collectively, the multipotency, high proliferation rates, and accessibility make the dental stem cell an
attractive source of mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regeneration. This review describes new findings in the field of dental stem cell
research and on their potential use in the tissue regeneration.
Key Words: Endodontics, stem cell, dental stem cell, tissue engineering.
cells to regenerate a tissue or organ (2). Over the last
few years, medicine has begun to explore the possible
applications of stem cells and tissue engineering towards
the repair and regeneration body structures (3). It is
becoming ever more clear that this conceptual come
up to therapy, named regenerative medicine, will have
its place in clinical practice in the future. It has been
shown that stem cells will play an important role in future
medical treatments because they can be readily grown
and induced to differentiate into any cell type in culture.
Stem cells are cells that have the ability to renew
themselves through mitosis and can differentiate into
several specialized cells. The embryonic stem cells (ESC)
are pluripotent and have the ability to become almost any
kind of cell of the body (4). The local microenvironment
Correspondence: Profa. Dra. Elisandra Gava, Departamento de Ciências Estomatológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Praça Universitária S/N,
Setor Universitário, 74605-220 Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Tel: +55-62-3209-6053. e-mail: elisandragava@yahoo.com.br
Invited Review Article
Braz Dent J (2011) 22(2): 91-98 ISSN 0103-6440
Braz Dent J 22(2) 2011
92 C. Estrela et al.
represents an important compartment in maintaining the
stem cells status. The microenvironment regulates the
balance between self-renewal and differentiation. This
intercellular communication has been characterized
between embryonal carcinoma cells and stromal cells,
and indicates changes in the expression on both cellular
compartments (5).

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